Counterflow Cooling Towers
Information
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A counterflow cooling tower is a cooling tower in which the water flow falls vertically in the tower and the direction of the air flow is opposite to the direction of the water flow.
Counterflow towers in general use low pressure spray nozzles to divide the hot water equally over the infill surface in fine droplets. A drift eliminator section above the water distribution rejects all the water in liquid form and keeps this in the circulating system. Only water evaporated in the air leaves the tower with the saturated air. A nozzle distribution is sensitive to changes in water flow thus it affects the overall efficiency.
The air movement is vertically through the fill in counter flow to the downwards fall of the water. Counterflow towers have in general a smaller footprint than crossflow towers but require a higher pump head due to the typical distribution system with nozzles.
Advantages / Disadvantages of Counterflow Cooling Towers
Criteria
Advantages/Disadvantages of Counterflow Cooling Tower
- The counterflow cooling tower delivers higher performance than crossflow cooling tower.
- A cooling tower can even be designed with an approach of below 2 Deg C economically.
- Space requirement in counter flow cooling tower are low.
- Counterflow cooling towers have limited access for maintenance due to its compact design.
- Water Distribution in counter flow cooling tower are though header braches, from which piped network of distribution with nozzles are installed.
- Counterflow cooling tower performance deteriorates below 70% of the hydraulic load.
- Not suitable for water having higher suspended particles.
- Water quality is very important for operating a counter flow cooling tower.
- Qty of airflow requirement is low.
- A higher fan pressure head is required as it has to overcome counter water flow.
- Fan Power is a requirement is high, due to higher pressure head.
- No water spillage problem is faced in the counterflow cooling tower as completer water flow is closed and inside the basin.
- As this cooling tower is closed from the side, cooling tower water is not directly exposed to sunlight therefore algae growth is minimal.
- Lighter operating weight
- Nosier than the crossflow tower due to the fall of water.